Located in South Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, Bantimurung Bulusaraung-Ma'Rupanne Biosphere Reserve consists of three main landscapes: Bantimurung, Bulusaraung and Maros Pangkep; the latter is the second-largest karst landscape in the world. The types of land cover are tropical mountain forest, lowland forest and various areas devoted to different types of land use. One of the site's core areas, Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, is internationally renowned for its rich biodiversity, which includes 250 species of butterfly. The biosphere reserve has a diverse population of over 1.5 million inhabiting 672 villages. Communities such as the Makasar and Bugis people have upheld their traditional cultures for hundreds of years. Nature and cultural tourism are highly developed but agricultural activities, such as paddy farming, dryland and livestock agriculture, and fishing constitute the main livelihoods of local communities.

Landscape of the Leang Leang Karst, Bantimurung Bulusaraung - Ma'Rupanne Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia © Bantimurung Bulusaraung - Ma'Rupanne Biosphere Reserve

Bio-monitoring in the Bantimurung Bulusaraung - Ma'Rupanne Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia © Bantimurung Bulusaraung - Ma'Rupanne Biosphere Reserve

Hydrosaurus celebensis, Bantimurung Bulusaraung - Ma'Rupanne Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia © Bantimurung Bulusaraung - Ma'Rupanne Biosphere Reserve

Caving in the Bio-monitoring in the Bantimurung Bulusaraung - Ma'Rupanne Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia © Bantimurung Bulusaraung - Ma'Rupanne Biosphere Reserve